Criminal Law
| Judicial Review of Disputed Jencks Act Materials |
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| Upon a motion by the defendant, the Jencks Act requires the Government to disclose a witness's prior statement directly relating to the witness's direct testimony. It is also required that the Government must be in possession of the prior statement. There must be a direct link between the prior statement requested and the witness's direct testimony.
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| Lie Detector Tests and Polygraphs |
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| A lie detector test or a polygraph test is used to determine whether the defendant or witness shows physiological and psychological reactions in response to certain questions. These tests are typically given if it is believed that the defendant or a witness is intentionally trying to deceive authorities or attorneys. There are various types of lie detector tests.
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| Customs Fraud |
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| What Constitutes Customs Fraud
Fraud is defined as an intentional perversion of the truth to induce another individual into believing or doing something that they would not otherwise do. Fraud is an intentional crime.
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| Violations of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act |
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| The Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act prohibits misbranding and adulterating food and drugs that circulate within interstate commerce. The Act was first enacted in 1906. Numerous parties may be charged with violating the Act.
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| Comments During Closing Arguments and Curative Instructions |
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| If the defendant suspects that the prosecutor has made an inappropriate comment or remark during closing arguments, the defendant should make an immediate and contemporaneous objection. If the defendant fails to immediately object to the comment or remark, the defendant's later objection to the comment or remark will be deemed waived.
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